The 3 item anxiety subscale of the edinburgh postpartum. Validation of the edinburgh postpartum depression scale in. The objective of the study was to validate the epds as a screening tool for postpartum depression in kathmandu, nepal. Postpartum depression ppd postpartum depressive symptoms were assessed at two months after child birth using the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds cox et al. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale 1 epds postpartum depression is the most common complication of childbearing. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is the most widely used screening instrument for ppd. Early identification of women at risk of postpartum.
Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds guidelines. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is considered well accepted screening tool for postpartum depression ppd. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds free social. As you are pregnant or have recently had a baby, we would like to know how you are feeling. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds j l cox. Does the edinburgh postpartum depression scale epds3 anxiety subscale perform as well as the full 10 item epds scale in screening for postnatal depression, and how do other brief screening alternatives compare. The epds scale comprises ten items concerning the past week.
Overall assessment is done by total score, which is determined by adding together the scores. Regardless of your score, if you have concerns about depression or anxiety, please contact your health care provider. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds guidelines postpartum depression ppd is one of the most common complications of the postpartum period. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a 10item questionnaire that was developed to identify women who have postpartum depression. Sae kyung choi 1, jung jin kim2, 1yong gyu park3, hyun sun ko, in yang park, jong chul shin1 1. Training for florida miechv home visiting sites and other. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds has been proposed as a onedimensional instrument and used as a single 10item scale. Studies have shown that postpartum depression affects at least 10% 20% of women and that many depressed mothers remain untreated. The epds has been translated from the original english version to a number of languages and has been validated and. Postpartum depression is associated with a higher maternal morbidity and mortality, and also with pervasive effects on the emotional, cognitive and behavioral development of the child.
The 10question edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a valuable and efficient way of identifying patients at risk for perinatal depression. However, its potential to detect pcmds in culturally diverse low and lowermiddle income countries lalmics is unclear. Postpartum depression screen edinburgh postnatal depression scale1 epds name date. Guangzhou from december 2016 to december 2017 at 6weeks postpartum.
Postnatal depression is the most common complication of childbearing affecting from 10 to 20% of women. Bunevicius institute of psychophysiology and rehabilitation of the kaunas university of medicine, palanga, lithuania depression is prevalent postpartum and is a major health problem. This is a new resource which collates copies of the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds that have been translated into languages other than english and validated for use in screening to assist health workers detect perinatal depression, in both pregnancy and during the postpartum period. A hospital based cross sectional study using epds was conducted among 346 mothers between 4 and 14 weeks of postpartum period. The aim of our study was to identify sociodemographic, psychosocial and obstetrical risk factors of postpartum depression in a middle class community sample. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds the epds was developed for screening postpartum women in outpatient, home visiting settings, or at the 6 8 week postpartum examination. This might be considered questionable since repeated psychometric studies have shown multidimensionality, which would entail using separate component subscales. The modules provide information and guidance on identification of depression, anxiety and other perinatal mental health concerns, screening with the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds, and inhome and communitybased interventions to support perinatal mental health. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale, epds tip sheets created by lilly irvinvitela, 2014 on behalf of uw milwaukee child welfare partnership and wi dept. It has been validated and used in spanishspeaking countries. Interpreting the edinburgh postpartum depression scale for refugees tiffany smith physician assistant candidate 2016, university of southern california genational medical fellowship primary care leadership program scholar, summer 2014 abstract introduction.
Edinburgh postnatal depression scale 1 epds as you are pregnant or have recently had a baby, we would like to know how you are feeling. Please underline the answer which best describes how you have felt in the past 7 days, not just how you feel today. Postnatal depression is a distressing disorder more prolonged than the baby blues which occurs in the first week after delivery, but less severe than postpartum psychosis. Describe postnatal depression and its affects on maternal and child outcomes use the tool as prescribed in the instructions describe methods of followup to the screening discuss miechv benchmark related to administration of the scale by florida miechv programs. Depression symptom prevalence and demographic risk factors among us women during the first 2 years postpartum. Additionally depression can effect up to 20% of pregnant woman. Please circle the number next to the answer which comes closest to how you have felt in the past 7 days, not just how you feel today. Prevalence and associated factors of postpartum depression. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds, a 10item scale, developed by cox et al. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds postpartum depression ppd is one of the most common problems women face after having a baby.
The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a 10question screening tool that has been validated for the assessment of mood in the early postpartum period 43 but must be supported by clinical assessment of. Anxiety is a common characteristic of mothers feelings both during and after pregnancy and is very common in postpartum depression. However, only 50% of women with prominent symptoms are diagnosed with postpartum depression ppd. Research paper the simplified edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds for antenatal depression. Department of obstetrics and gynecology, college of medicine, catholic university of korea. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds postpartum depression is the most common complication of childbearing. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a 10question screening tool that has been validated for the assessment of mood in the early postpartum period 43 but must be supported by clinical assessment of mood for the diagnosis of pnd to be made. Its 10 polytomous items are summated to an overall score ranging from 030, with cut points to identify the likely presence of depression. Research paper the simplified edinburgh postnatal depression. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds 1 the questionnaire below is called the edinburgh postnatal depression scale edps the edps was developed to identify women who may have postpartum depression. The spanish translation of the edinburgh postnatal depression.
Perinatal mental health resources wisconsin department of. Cox a, gail chapman b, declan murray c, peter jones d university ofkeele, thomburrow drive, hartshill, stokeontrent 5t4 7qb, uk b north staffordshire maternity, hospital, stoke on trent, uk. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a set of 10 screening questions that can indicate whether a parent has symptoms that are common in women with depression and anxiety during pregnancy and in the year following the birth of a child. The chinese version of edinburgh postnatal depression scale and a structured questionnaire regarding associated factors were administered to all participants. Postpartum major depression is a disorder that is often unrecognized and must be distinguished from baby blues.
What is the abbreviation for edinburgh postpartum depression scale. Postnatal depression is poorly identified in the community. Items of the scale correspond to various clinical depression symptoms, such as guilt feeling, sleep disturbance, low energy, anhedonia, and suicidal ideation. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is an instrument used for screening depression during their postnatal period or during pregnancy 8, 9, 14, 15. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a screening tool that does not diagnose postpartum depression ppd or anxiety. The prenatal care coordination program has put together a series of perinatal mental health training modules. P02206 validity of the edinburgh postnatal depression scale. Along with baby blues and postpartum depression and anxiety disorders there is also psychosis, obsessivecompulsive disorder and ptsd. Ppd affects up to 20% of postnatal women and up to 10% of pregnant women. Validating the edinburgh postnatal depression scale as a. Epds abbreviation stands for edinburgh postpartum depression scale. Pdf factor structure of the japanese version of the. Elsevier journal of affective disorders 39 1996 185189 journal of affective disorders research report validation of the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds in nonpostnatal women john l. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine factors that were significantly associated with ppd.
As you are having a baby, we would like to know how you are feeling. During the postpartum period, women are vulnerable to depression affecting about 10 to 20% of mothers during the first year after delivery. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds j l cox, j m. Depression screeners are helpful tools in health care workers at. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds, originally developed in britain, is one of the most widely used screening instruments for assessing symptoms of the perinatal common mental disorders pcmds of depression and anxiety. Validation of the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds. Ppd affects up to 20% of women after having a baby and can even affect up to 10% women while they are pregnant. Evaluation of the edinburgh post natal depression scale using. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a screening questionnaire that can indicate whether a new mother has symptoms that are commonly seen in women with depression during pregnancy and in the year following the birth of a child. This 10question selfrating scale has been demonstrated to be an efficient and effective way of identifying patients at risk for perinatal depression. Validating the edinburgh postnatal depression scale as a screening tool for postpartum depression in kathmandu, nepal babu ram bhusal1, nisha bhandari2, manisha chapagai3 and tania gavidia4 abstract background.
The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds was developed to assist primary care health professionals in detecting mothers suffering from postpartum depression ppd. Jan 08, 2017 anxiety is a common characteristic of mothers feelings both during and after pregnancy and is very common in postpartum depression. Inserm, umr 1219, bordeaux population health, bordeaux. Revisiting the dimensional structure of the edinburgh. Background the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a widely used screening tool for postpartum depression ppd. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds j l cox, j. Validation of the edinburgh postnatal depression scale. Postpartum major depression american family physician. International journal of social psychiatry, 46 1, 7475. Training objectives as a result of this training, participants will be able to. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds calculator. Although the reliability and validity of epds in japanese has been.
The use of epds is favoured because of the ease and speed of its administration. Emotional changes after giving birth espanol spanish bilingual pdf. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds was originally created as a unidimensional scale to screen for postpartum depression ppd. Cox 1990 also known as the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds j l cox, j m.
The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a 10 item selfrating postnatal depression scale which was developed almost twenty years ago. Use of the edinburgh postnatal depression scale to detect. Genderprenatalpostpartum inclusive edinburgh postnatal. Recent studies have shown that approximately 48% of adolescents develop postpartum depression. In fact, depression during pregnancy was a factor associated with postnatal depression in a study in our region. The epds is not a diagnostic tool and must always be used in conjunction with clinical assessment. Please check the answer that comes closest to how you have felt in the past 7 days, not just how you feel today. This study reappraised the dimensional structure of the epds, with a focus on. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a validated instrument developed specifically to identify women experiencing postnatal depression 4, 5. Edinburgh perinatalpostnatal depression scale epds for use between 28 32 weeks in all pregnancies and 6 8 weeks postpartum name.
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